9.16.2008
IronRidge was founded in 1996 with a clear mission: set a new standard for value, reliability, and quality in solar mounting systems. Formerly known as Two Seas, IronRidge is a trusted provider to residential solar system contractors, commercial installers, industrial system integrators, and many others. IronRidge products are relied upon every day in installations that range from small, single-use residential applications to some of the largest industrial deployments in the world. With more than a decade in the solar industry, IronRidge’s dependable products are backed up by a trusted team; people who honor commitments and take that extra step to ensure their customers are successful. IronRidge has the manufacturing and distribution capacity to support the largest installations—and offers the product quality and efficiency that help ensure the fastest implementation possible.
9.15.2008
http://www.usda.gov/wps/portal/usdahome?contentidonly=true&contentid=2008/03/0072.xml
within USDA's Renewable Energy Systems and Energy Efficiency Improvements Program.
Loan guarantees and grants are available to agricultural producers and rural small businesses to purchase and install renewable energy systems or to make energy efficiency improvements.
Further information on rural programs is available at a local USDA Rural Development office or by visiting USDA's web site at http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/ .
USDA Rural Development's mission is to increase economic opportunity and improve the quality of life for rural residents. Rural Development has invested nearly $91 billion since 2001 for equity and technical assistance to finance and foster growth in homeownership, business development, and critical community and technology infrastructure.
Further information on rural programs is available at a local USDA Rural Development office or by visiting USDA's web site at http://www.rurdev.usda.gov .
within USDA's Renewable Energy Systems and Energy Efficiency Improvements Program.
Loan guarantees and grants are available to agricultural producers and rural small businesses to purchase and install renewable energy systems or to make energy efficiency improvements.
Further information on rural programs is available at a local USDA Rural Development office or by visiting USDA's web site at http://www.rurdev.usda.gov/ .
USDA Rural Development's mission is to increase economic opportunity and improve the quality of life for rural residents. Rural Development has invested nearly $91 billion since 2001 for equity and technical assistance to finance and foster growth in homeownership, business development, and critical community and technology infrastructure.
Further information on rural programs is available at a local USDA Rural Development office or by visiting USDA's web site at http://www.rurdev.usda.gov .
http://store.solar-electric.com/grsqpu.html
http://cetulare.ucdavis.edu/pubgrape/ig796.htm
One Acre-Foot = 325,851 gallons
One Acre-Inch = 27,154 gallons
These are volume measurements, the volume of water that cover an acre of land one foot or one inch deep:
One acre = an area of land that is 43560 ft2
One cubic foot (ft3) = 7.48 gallons
One acre-foot = 43560 ft2 x 1 foot water depth
= a volume that is 43560 ft3
One acre-foot = 43560 ft3 x 7.48 gallons/ft3
= 325,851 gallons
One acre-inch
= 43560 ft2 x .0833 ft (1 inch) a volume that is 3630 ft3
One acre-inch = 3630 ft3 x 7.48 gallons/ft3
= 27,154 gallons
http://cetulare.ucdavis.edu/pubgrape/ig796.htm
One Acre-Foot = 325,851 gallons
One Acre-Inch = 27,154 gallons
These are volume measurements, the volume of water that cover an acre of land one foot or one inch deep:
One acre = an area of land that is 43560 ft2
One cubic foot (ft3) = 7.48 gallons
One acre-foot = 43560 ft2 x 1 foot water depth
= a volume that is 43560 ft3
One acre-foot = 43560 ft3 x 7.48 gallons/ft3
= 325,851 gallons
One acre-inch
= 43560 ft2 x .0833 ft (1 inch) a volume that is 3630 ft3
One acre-inch = 3630 ft3 x 7.48 gallons/ft3
= 27,154 gallons
9.14.2008
http://www.ext.vt.edu/news/periodicals/commhort/pulledarticles/2005-01/weed.html
A new herbicide, flumioxazin, was recently registered by Valent U.S.A. Corporation for use in bearing and nonbearing grapes, along with nonbearing apple, cherry, nectarine, peach, and pear trees. The trade name is Chateau and the herbicide is formulated as a 51% water dispersible granule that is mixed with water and sprayed. Application rates range from 6 to 12 ounces of product per treated acre, which equates to 0.19 to 0.38 pounds active ingredient per acre. Maximum use rate per year is 24 ounces of product. The label recommendations use of 6 ounces of Chateau per acre when applications are made to very sandy/gravelly soils and tree or grape vines are established less than 3 years. The herbicide can also be used to maintain bare ground in noncrop areas of vineyards and orchards.
Flumioxazin has the same mode of action as oxyfluorfen (Goal) and shares a lot of the same use patterns as oxyfluorfen, but is used at lower rates of active ingredient. Both herbicides control weeds preemergence with early postemergence activity. Neither herbicide can be applied overtop actively-growing trees or vines so directed sprays or dormant applications are utilized.
The strength of flumioxazin is preemergence control of annual broadleaf weeds. Flumioxazin is less effective on annual grasses.
Encompass
A new herbicide, flumioxazin, was recently registered by Valent U.S.A. Corporation for use in bearing and nonbearing grapes, along with nonbearing apple, cherry, nectarine, peach, and pear trees. The trade name is Chateau and the herbicide is formulated as a 51% water dispersible granule that is mixed with water and sprayed. Application rates range from 6 to 12 ounces of product per treated acre, which equates to 0.19 to 0.38 pounds active ingredient per acre. Maximum use rate per year is 24 ounces of product. The label recommendations use of 6 ounces of Chateau per acre when applications are made to very sandy/gravelly soils and tree or grape vines are established less than 3 years. The herbicide can also be used to maintain bare ground in noncrop areas of vineyards and orchards.
Flumioxazin has the same mode of action as oxyfluorfen (Goal) and shares a lot of the same use patterns as oxyfluorfen, but is used at lower rates of active ingredient. Both herbicides control weeds preemergence with early postemergence activity. Neither herbicide can be applied overtop actively-growing trees or vines so directed sprays or dormant applications are utilized.
The strength of flumioxazin is preemergence control of annual broadleaf weeds. Flumioxazin is less effective on annual grasses.
Encompass
9.13.2008
Valent U.S.A. Corporation
Midwest Office
1035 Country Road 300 East
Seymour, IL 61875
800-6-VALENT (682-5368)
http://www.greenbook.net/docs/ProdSum/P45185.PDF
http://www.greenbook.net/docs/Label/L77055.PDF
http://www.greenbook.net/docs/Msds/M76530.PDF
http://www.greenbook.net/docs/supplemental/S83261.PDF
CHATEAU® HERBICIDE WDG USE ON: POME FRUIT AND STONE FRUIT
Weeds Controlled by Preemergence Application of Chateau WDG – (continued)
BROADLEAF WEED SPECIES
Common Name Scientific Name Organic
Matter
Soil
Type
Chateau WDG
Rate
Waterhemps
Common Amaranthus rudis
Tall Amaranthus tuberculatus
http://www.greenbook.net/docs/supplemental/S78662.PDF
Mixing Order Information for Chateau® Herbicide +
Drift Retardant Tank Mixes
Proper mixing is essential to:
▪ Ensure the herbicides go into solution/suspension for good weed control
▪ Help ensure application equipment can be properly cleaned
Be sure to conduct a jar test prior to mixing a new herbicide, water source, adjuvant or drift
retardant.
MIXING ORDER
1. Water + agitation
2. Ammonium sulfate* – be sure the ammonium sulfate dissolves completely before
adding any other product
3. Drift retardant **
4. Chateau
5. Tank mix partner, if used, (such as glyphosate or paraquat)
6. Adjuvants (if required)
* Add 10 lbs of dry ammonium sulfate per 100 gals water. The equivalent rate of
ammonium sulfate in a liquid formulation may also be used.
** Mixing order should follow instructions on drift retardant label. If jar test shows
mixing incompatibility, use mixing order shown above.
Drift Retardant +
Chateau +
Glyphosate
Ammonium Sulfate +
Drift Retardant +
Chateau +
Glyphosate
WRONG RIGHT
http://www.greenbook.net/docs/supplemental/S87804.PDF
Midwest Office
1035 Country Road 300 East
Seymour, IL 61875
800-6-VALENT (682-5368)
http://www.greenbook.net/docs/ProdSum/P45185.PDF
http://www.greenbook.net/docs/Label/L77055.PDF
http://www.greenbook.net/docs/Msds/M76530.PDF
http://www.greenbook.net/docs/supplemental/S83261.PDF
CHATEAU® HERBICIDE WDG USE ON: POME FRUIT AND STONE FRUIT
Weeds Controlled by Preemergence Application of Chateau WDG – (continued)
BROADLEAF WEED SPECIES
Common Name Scientific Name Organic
Matter
Soil
Type
Chateau WDG
Rate
Waterhemps
Common Amaranthus rudis
Tall Amaranthus tuberculatus
http://www.greenbook.net/docs/supplemental/S78662.PDF
Mixing Order Information for Chateau® Herbicide +
Drift Retardant Tank Mixes
Proper mixing is essential to:
▪ Ensure the herbicides go into solution/suspension for good weed control
▪ Help ensure application equipment can be properly cleaned
Be sure to conduct a jar test prior to mixing a new herbicide, water source, adjuvant or drift
retardant.
MIXING ORDER
1. Water + agitation
2. Ammonium sulfate* – be sure the ammonium sulfate dissolves completely before
adding any other product
3. Drift retardant **
4. Chateau
5. Tank mix partner, if used, (such as glyphosate or paraquat)
6. Adjuvants (if required)
* Add 10 lbs of dry ammonium sulfate per 100 gals water. The equivalent rate of
ammonium sulfate in a liquid formulation may also be used.
** Mixing order should follow instructions on drift retardant label. If jar test shows
mixing incompatibility, use mixing order shown above.
Drift Retardant +
Chateau +
Glyphosate
Ammonium Sulfate +
Drift Retardant +
Chateau +
Glyphosate
WRONG RIGHT
http://www.greenbook.net/docs/supplemental/S87804.PDF
http://www.greenbook.net/docs/ProdSum/P45185.PDF
Soil with large cracks are called “vertic soils”, and experience extreme changes in key soil properties throughout the year
http://www.itc.nl/~rossiter/research/nsm/nsm_smr.html
2. In the horizons that have aquic conditions, enough active
ferrous iron to give a positive reaction to alpha,alphadipyridyl
at a time when the soil is not being irrigated.
Aqualfs, p. 35
JB. Other Alfisols that have a cryic or isofrigid temperature
regime.
Cryalfs, p. 44
JC. Other Alfisols that have an ustic moisture regime.
Ustalfs, p. 59
JD. Other Alfisols that have a xeric moisture regime.
Xeralfs, p. 71
JE. Other Alfisols.
Udalfs, p. 47
Other Aqualfs that have episaturation.
Epiaqualfs,
3. Saturation: A horizon is saturated when the soil water pressure is zero or positive.a. Water will run into an unlined auger hole or a piezometer when the horizon is saturated.b. Saturation may occur at any time of the year, not simply during the growing season as is required for jurisdictional wetlands.c. Saturation is not required if the soils are artificially drained.d. Three kinds of saturation have been defined:
i) Endosaturation-soil is saturated in all horizons that lie between the upper boundary of saturation and a depth of 2 m.
ii) Episaturation-soil is saturated in a horizon that overlies an unsaturated horizon, wherer the unsaturated horizon lies within a depth of 2 m from the surface.
iii) Anthric saturation-similar to episaturation but is used for sites having controlled flooding.
http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/orders/alfisols_map.html
Order Suborder
Greatgroup
Subgroup
Alfisols(3.8;0.2)
Udalfs(3.8;0.2)
Hapludalfs(3.8;0.2)
Typic Hapludalfs(3.8;0.2)
Alfisols are extensive in the United States. They make up about 13.9 percent of the surface area. In normal years water they are dry when the soils are warm enough for plants to grow.
Dominant Suborders
Udalfs
Udalfs, which have a udic moisture regime, are of large extent in the United States. They form a belt extending from Minnesota through Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana, and Ohio and ending in New York State. Another large area of Udalfs begins in southern Iowa and extends through Missouri, Illinois, and the States to the south bordering the Mississippi River. All Udalfs are believed to have supported forest vegetation at some time during development.
Aqualfs
Aqualfs, which have warm and aquic conditions, primarily are found in an area bordering the southern part of the Mississippi River, in southern Illinois, and in Indiana and Ohio. Most Aqualfs have some artificial drainage or other water control and are used as cropland for corn, soybeans, and rice. Nearly all Aqualfs are believed to have supported forest vegetation in the past.
Soil with large cracks are called “vertic soils”, and experience extreme changes in key soil properties throughout the year
http://www.itc.nl/~rossiter/research/nsm/nsm_smr.html
2. In the horizons that have aquic conditions, enough active
ferrous iron to give a positive reaction to alpha,alphadipyridyl
at a time when the soil is not being irrigated.
Aqualfs, p. 35
JB. Other Alfisols that have a cryic or isofrigid temperature
regime.
Cryalfs, p. 44
JC. Other Alfisols that have an ustic moisture regime.
Ustalfs, p. 59
JD. Other Alfisols that have a xeric moisture regime.
Xeralfs, p. 71
JE. Other Alfisols.
Udalfs, p. 47
Other Aqualfs that have episaturation.
Epiaqualfs,
3. Saturation: A horizon is saturated when the soil water pressure is zero or positive.a. Water will run into an unlined auger hole or a piezometer when the horizon is saturated.b. Saturation may occur at any time of the year, not simply during the growing season as is required for jurisdictional wetlands.c. Saturation is not required if the soils are artificially drained.d. Three kinds of saturation have been defined:
i) Endosaturation-soil is saturated in all horizons that lie between the upper boundary of saturation and a depth of 2 m.
ii) Episaturation-soil is saturated in a horizon that overlies an unsaturated horizon, wherer the unsaturated horizon lies within a depth of 2 m from the surface.
iii) Anthric saturation-similar to episaturation but is used for sites having controlled flooding.
http://soils.usda.gov/technical/classification/orders/alfisols_map.html
Order Suborder
Greatgroup
Subgroup
Alfisols(3.8;0.2)
Udalfs(3.8;0.2)
Hapludalfs(3.8;0.2)
Typic Hapludalfs(3.8;0.2)
Alfisols are extensive in the United States. They make up about 13.9 percent of the surface area. In normal years water they are dry when the soils are warm enough for plants to grow.
Dominant Suborders
Udalfs
Udalfs, which have a udic moisture regime, are of large extent in the United States. They form a belt extending from Minnesota through Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana, and Ohio and ending in New York State. Another large area of Udalfs begins in southern Iowa and extends through Missouri, Illinois, and the States to the south bordering the Mississippi River. All Udalfs are believed to have supported forest vegetation at some time during development.
Aqualfs
Aqualfs, which have warm and aquic conditions, primarily are found in an area bordering the southern part of the Mississippi River, in southern Illinois, and in Indiana and Ohio. Most Aqualfs have some artificial drainage or other water control and are used as cropland for corn, soybeans, and rice. Nearly all Aqualfs are believed to have supported forest vegetation in the past.
http://www.greenbook.net/docs/ProdSum/P45185.PDF
http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/weeds/w253/w253w.htm
http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/weeds/w253/w253-5c.htm
http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/pub75/15ar1sgb.htm
http://resources.cas.psu.edu/tfpg/table4_2_08.pdf
http://www.cdms.net/LDat/ld6QH002.pdf
http://tfpg.cas.psu.edu/443.htm
Chateau (flumioxazin) is a contact and residual herbicide that controls both grasses and broadleaf weeds in nonbearing orchards. Hence, it is only useful in young orchards or those that have lost a crop. It can be used in the year of planting if the trees are shielded from contact with the spray. It is labeled for apples and all stone fruits. As a contact material it is most effective when applied while the emerged weeds are very small. Application rate is 6 to 12 ounces per treated acre. The REI is 12 hours and the PHI is 365 days.
N-phenylphthalimides
flumiclorac flumioxazin
Resource Valor = Broadstar = Chateau = Encompass = Payload = Suregard.
Table 4-2. Herbicides labeled for use in orchards.
Common name Trade name(s) Crops Amount/A
For orchards the year of planting (do not apply until after the ground has settled and there are no visible cracks in the soil):
carfentrazone-ethyl
Aim EC, EW . . . .AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR 0.5–1.6 fl oz
clethodim
Prism . . . .AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL 13–17 fl oz
Select Max . . . . AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL 9–32 fl oz
Arrow 2EC . . . . AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL 6–8 fl oz
dichlobenil
Casoron 4G AP, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR 100–150 lb
Norosac 4G
diquate dibromide
Reglone AP, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR 1.5–2.0 pt
fluazifop-butyl Fusilade DX 16–24 fl oz
napropamide
Devrinol 10G . . . .AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR 40 lb
Devrinol 50DF . . . .AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR 8 lb
norflurazon
Solicam DF AP, NEa, PEa 2.5–5.0 lb
oryzalin
Surflan AS AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR 2–6 qt
Surflan DF AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR 2.4–7.1 lb
oxyfluorfen
Goal 2XL, Galigan 2E AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR, QU 2–8 pt
GoalTender AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR, QU 1–4 pt
paraquat Gramoxone Inteon AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR 2.5–4.0 pt
Gramoxone Max AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR 1.7–2.7 pt
Gramoxone Super Tres AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR 1.3–2.7 pt
pendimethalin
Prowl 3.3EC, Pendimethalin, Pendimax 3.3 AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR 2.4–4.8 qt
Prowl H2O AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR 2–4 qt
sethoxydim
Poast AP, PR, QU 2.5–7.5 pt
AT, CH, NE, PE, PL 2.5–5.0 pt
terbacil . . . Sinbar AP, AT, CH, PE, PL, PR 0.5–1.0 lb
trifluralin Trifluralin 4EC, Treflan 4EC . . . .AT, NE, PE, PL
AP = apples; AT = apricots; CH = cherries; NE = nectarines; PE = peaches; PR = pears; PL = plums; QU = quince
http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/weeds/w253/w253w.htm
http://www.ag.ndsu.edu/weeds/w253/w253-5c.htm
http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/pub75/15ar1sgb.htm
http://resources.cas.psu.edu/tfpg/table4_2_08.pdf
http://www.cdms.net/LDat/ld6QH002.pdf
http://tfpg.cas.psu.edu/443.htm
Chateau (flumioxazin) is a contact and residual herbicide that controls both grasses and broadleaf weeds in nonbearing orchards. Hence, it is only useful in young orchards or those that have lost a crop. It can be used in the year of planting if the trees are shielded from contact with the spray. It is labeled for apples and all stone fruits. As a contact material it is most effective when applied while the emerged weeds are very small. Application rate is 6 to 12 ounces per treated acre. The REI is 12 hours and the PHI is 365 days.
N-phenylphthalimides
flumiclorac flumioxazin
Resource Valor = Broadstar = Chateau = Encompass = Payload = Suregard.
Table 4-2. Herbicides labeled for use in orchards.
Common name Trade name(s) Crops Amount/A
For orchards the year of planting (do not apply until after the ground has settled and there are no visible cracks in the soil):
carfentrazone-ethyl
Aim EC, EW . . . .AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR 0.5–1.6 fl oz
clethodim
Prism . . . .AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL 13–17 fl oz
Select Max . . . . AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL 9–32 fl oz
Arrow 2EC . . . . AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL 6–8 fl oz
dichlobenil
Casoron 4G AP, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR 100–150 lb
Norosac 4G
diquate dibromide
Reglone AP, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR 1.5–2.0 pt
fluazifop-butyl Fusilade DX 16–24 fl oz
napropamide
Devrinol 10G . . . .AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR 40 lb
Devrinol 50DF . . . .AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR 8 lb
norflurazon
Solicam DF AP, NEa, PEa 2.5–5.0 lb
oryzalin
Surflan AS AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR 2–6 qt
Surflan DF AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR 2.4–7.1 lb
oxyfluorfen
Goal 2XL, Galigan 2E AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR, QU 2–8 pt
GoalTender AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR, QU 1–4 pt
paraquat Gramoxone Inteon AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR 2.5–4.0 pt
Gramoxone Max AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR 1.7–2.7 pt
Gramoxone Super Tres AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR 1.3–2.7 pt
pendimethalin
Prowl 3.3EC, Pendimethalin, Pendimax 3.3 AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR 2.4–4.8 qt
Prowl H2O AP, AT, CH, NE, PE, PL, PR 2–4 qt
sethoxydim
Poast AP, PR, QU 2.5–7.5 pt
AT, CH, NE, PE, PL 2.5–5.0 pt
terbacil . . . Sinbar AP, AT, CH, PE, PL, PR 0.5–1.0 lb
trifluralin Trifluralin 4EC, Treflan 4EC . . . .AT, NE, PE, PL
AP = apples; AT = apricots; CH = cherries; NE = nectarines; PE = peaches; PR = pears; PL = plums; QU = quince
Peaches, plums and nectarines benefit from mound or
raised bed planting. When raising the planting height on a
mound or bed, it should be at least 3 feet wide.
It is particularly
important that fruit trees be planted in well-drained soils
or on beds raised 1 to 2 feet above the typical soil elevation
in poorly drained soils or in soils prone to flooding.
Since soil moisture can be limiting in some seasons, you
need to irrigate bedded trees or rocky sites that tend to be
excessively dry.
raised bed planting. When raising the planting height on a
mound or bed, it should be at least 3 feet wide.
It is particularly
important that fruit trees be planted in well-drained soils
or on beds raised 1 to 2 feet above the typical soil elevation
in poorly drained soils or in soils prone to flooding.
Since soil moisture can be limiting in some seasons, you
need to irrigate bedded trees or rocky sites that tend to be
excessively dry.
9.12.2008
The new variety of apricot tree was produced from a cross between the apricot variety `Orangered` (seed parent) and apricot selection K113-40 (pollen parent) grown in a research orchard located near Parlier, Calif. The pollen parent originated in the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS) apricot breeding program. Planned hybridizations, four generations removed from the original apricot varieties `Blenheim`, `Blush` and `Perfection`, resulted in the selection of K113-40.
The first generation seedlings from the `Orangered`×K113-40 hybridization were grown and maintained in a research orchard located near Parlier, Calif. When these trees became reproductively fit, close attention was paid to desirable fruit characteristics. The present variety was then selected from among all other seedlings in this progeny, due to its unique combination of desirable fruit characteristics. This tree was then asexually propagated to other rootstocks, where it remained true-to-character in other orchard environments.
The new variety of apricot tree has been asexually reproduced by both dormant grafting and June-budding in the USDA-ARS research orchard in Fresno, Calif., and are identified by Selection Identification Number K106-2.
The first generation seedlings from the `Orangered`×K113-40 hybridization were grown and maintained in a research orchard located near Parlier, Calif. When these trees became reproductively fit, close attention was paid to desirable fruit characteristics. The present variety was then selected from among all other seedlings in this progeny, due to its unique combination of desirable fruit characteristics. This tree was then asexually propagated to other rootstocks, where it remained true-to-character in other orchard environments.
The new variety of apricot tree has been asexually reproduced by both dormant grafting and June-budding in the USDA-ARS research orchard in Fresno, Calif., and are identified by Selection Identification Number K106-2.
http://www.springerlink.com/content/pl8134886l6u7k35/fulltext.pdf
Breeding objectives
winter hardiness ( late bloom and deep dormancy )
Apricots are planted in solid blocks if self-fruitful, at spacings of up to 20-24 ft between trees and rows. They are trained as open center trees. Generally, all new growth and interfering wood is removed each year, exposing the spurs to maximal sunlight.
Breeding objectives
winter hardiness ( late bloom and deep dormancy )
Apricots are planted in solid blocks if self-fruitful, at spacings of up to 20-24 ft between trees and rows. They are trained as open center trees. Generally, all new growth and interfering wood is removed each year, exposing the spurs to maximal sunlight.
Royal imported from France and Blenheim introduced from England - are almost identical at most locations
http://books.google.com/books?id=qCcaacE8--MC&pg=PA254&lpg=PA254&dq=apricot+nancy+royal+louis+XVIII&source=web&ots=800E8crfJT&sig=JbR7sWTPACU318Ta2Rz5zkDm1o4&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPA257,M1
pg 257-8
Nancy, the cultivar to which a number of excellent cultivars can be traced, was noticed near Nancy, France and was originally described as De Nancy in 1755
Royal 1808
French origin, discovered by M. Hervy, seedling of Nancy, named by King Louis XVIII, France
Blenhein - another great English cultivar - originally called Shipley's, was introduced by Miss Shipley, the daughter of a gardener to the Duke of Marlborough at Blenheim, sometime before 1830 (Roach 1985)
http://books.google.com/books?id=qCcaacE8--MC&pg=PA254&lpg=PA254&dq=apricot+nancy+royal+louis+XVIII&source=web&ots=800E8crfJT&sig=JbR7sWTPACU318Ta2Rz5zkDm1o4&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPP1,M1
Blenheim Before 1830
Syn. "Shipley", introduced by Miss Shipley Blenheim daughter to gardener of Duke of Marlborough Blenheim, England
http://www.springerlink.com/content/pl8134886l6u7k35/fulltext.pdf pg. 50
Stone freeness is certainly of equal importance in selecting
new apricots for drying quality.
Cultivars 'Blenheim' (syn. 'Royal') is by far the major US cultivar, accounting for over 80% of production. Others include: 'Tilton' , 'Wenatchee Moorpark' , 'Perfection', 'Earlicot' , and 'Autumn Royal'.
Apricots are grown throughout Turkey,
except in the very humid region around the
Black Sea and cold mountain area of Anatolia.
The most important apricot growing region is the
Eastern Anatolia. Malatya, a province in this
region, is the most important apricot production
center of the country [4]. Malatya produces 50%
fresh and 90% dried apricot of the whole country
[5]. The important apricot cultivars in the
Malatya region are Hacıhaliloglu, Kabaası,
Hasanbey, Sogancı and Çataloglu. Malatya is
known as the biggest dried apricot export center
as 80-85% world apricot export [4,3].
In the current horticultural practice, the
http://books.google.com/books?id=qCcaacE8--MC&pg=PA254&lpg=PA254&dq=apricot+nancy+royal+louis+XVIII&source=web&ots=800E8crfJT&sig=JbR7sWTPACU318Ta2Rz5zkDm1o4&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPA257,M1
pg 257-8
Nancy, the cultivar to which a number of excellent cultivars can be traced, was noticed near Nancy, France and was originally described as De Nancy in 1755
Royal 1808
French origin, discovered by M. Hervy, seedling of Nancy, named by King Louis XVIII, France
Blenhein - another great English cultivar - originally called Shipley's, was introduced by Miss Shipley, the daughter of a gardener to the Duke of Marlborough at Blenheim, sometime before 1830 (Roach 1985)
http://books.google.com/books?id=qCcaacE8--MC&pg=PA254&lpg=PA254&dq=apricot+nancy+royal+louis+XVIII&source=web&ots=800E8crfJT&sig=JbR7sWTPACU318Ta2Rz5zkDm1o4&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=1&ct=result#PPP1,M1
Blenheim Before 1830
Syn. "Shipley", introduced by Miss Shipley Blenheim daughter to gardener of Duke of Marlborough Blenheim, England
http://www.springerlink.com/content/pl8134886l6u7k35/fulltext.pdf pg. 50
Stone freeness is certainly of equal importance in selecting
new apricots for drying quality.
Cultivars 'Blenheim' (syn. 'Royal') is by far the major US cultivar, accounting for over 80% of production. Others include: 'Tilton' , 'Wenatchee Moorpark' , 'Perfection', 'Earlicot' , and 'Autumn Royal'.
Apricots are grown throughout Turkey,
except in the very humid region around the
Black Sea and cold mountain area of Anatolia.
The most important apricot growing region is the
Eastern Anatolia. Malatya, a province in this
region, is the most important apricot production
center of the country [4]. Malatya produces 50%
fresh and 90% dried apricot of the whole country
[5]. The important apricot cultivars in the
Malatya region are Hacıhaliloglu, Kabaası,
Hasanbey, Sogancı and Çataloglu. Malatya is
known as the biggest dried apricot export center
as 80-85% world apricot export [4,3].
In the current horticultural practice, the
"Lovell and Nemaguard have been the mainstays for many years, but that was in the best soils."
Joe Connell has seen good results with Marianna rootstock in new orchards in Butte County. "We haven't had much problem with Phytophthora in these orchards," he says. "They are planted on Marianna plum root, on mounds, in marginal soils, and they are doing okay."
Intercropping:
Edstrom suggests removing, narrowing or avoiding altogether intercrops where Phyto- phthora infections occur.
http://www.bluediamond.com/growers/techniques/cultural/rottenTime.cfm
Joe Connell has seen good results with Marianna rootstock in new orchards in Butte County. "We haven't had much problem with Phytophthora in these orchards," he says. "They are planted on Marianna plum root, on mounds, in marginal soils, and they are doing okay."
Intercropping:
Edstrom suggests removing, narrowing or avoiding altogether intercrops where Phyto- phthora infections occur.
http://www.bluediamond.com/growers/techniques/cultural/rottenTime.cfm
9.11.2008
9.08.2008
to enhance the competitiveness of specialty crops. Specialty crops are defined as fruits and vegetables, dried fruit, tree nuts, horticulture and nursery crops (including floriculture). The funds announced under the Specialty Crop Block Grant Program – Farm Bill (SCBGP-FB) are authorized by the recently enacted Food, Conservation, and Energy Act of 2008 (Farm Bill). The application process to apply for the SCBGP–FB funds will parallel those currently found in 7 CFR part 1290. State departments of agriculture are encouraged to develop their grant applications promptly. The
http://www.grants.gov/applicants/find_grant_opportunities.jsp
http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/patents/patents.htm?serialnum=08502516
http://www.grants.gov/applicants/find_grant_opportunities.jsp
http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/patents/patents.htm?serialnum=08502516
reclaim land used in forestry oil/gas production - pioneer species grassseed
mountain brome
smooth brome
http://www.sharpseed.com/seeds.php?id=17&catID=2&sID=11
http://www.sharpseed.com/seeds.php?id=195&catID=5&sID=21
3-5 lbs/1000 ft2
http://plant-materials.nrcs.usda.gov/pubs/ndpmcarsedvndlst.pdf
http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/aginfo/seedstock/varieties/vndrlist.htm#GROWERLIST
mountain brome
smooth brome
http://www.sharpseed.com/seeds.php?id=17&catID=2&sID=11
http://www.sharpseed.com/seeds.php?id=195&catID=5&sID=21
3-5 lbs/1000 ft2
http://plant-materials.nrcs.usda.gov/pubs/ndpmcarsedvndlst.pdf
http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/aginfo/seedstock/varieties/vndrlist.htm#GROWERLIST
Free-standing trees are trained most commonly to open center with 3-5 scaffolds radiating from the trunk 18-36" above the ground (top). Peaches can be trained to central leader (center), or perpendicular V (bottom); a variety of trellised systems are used in Europe.
Rootstocks
Peach Tree Short Life is a rootstock- and soil-related syndrome or complex, not a disorder attributable to a specific organism. It is common in the southeastern USA. PTSL is characterized by sudden death of trees above the soil line in spring, that were apparently healthy the previous fall. Profuse suckering usually occurs since roots are not killed. PTSL can be avoided by not replanting trees on old peach sites, or by using ‘Guardian' rootstock, which is tolerant. Predisposing factors such as low soil pH, hardpans, low nutrient levels, ring nematode buildup, cultivation, fluctuating winter temperatures, fall pruning, and use of Nemaguard rootstock all accentuate PTSL.
Rootstock Characteristics
Bailey
Cold hardy rootstock with good overall performance; best in the northern states
Guardian
Vigorous rootstock with resistance to peach tree short life syndrome; slightly more expensive. Used extensively in the eastern USA, and in areas where peaches were planted previously.
GF677 (Amandier)
A peach-almond hybrid for adaptation to high pH soils; highly vigorous; not well adapted for eastern US
Halford
Good overall rootstock for northern states
Lovell
Moderately invigorating rootstock with fair resistance to peach tree short life
Nemaguard
Invigorating rootstock with resistance to root knot nematode; susceptible to other nematodes and peach tree short life
Siberian C
Cold hardy rootstock used only in the northern tier of states and Canada; short-lived and poor in the southern states
Planting Design, Training, Pruning Planting Design - Free-standing peach orchards - rectangular spacings of 18 x 20 ft (110 trees/acre), or 12-15 x 18 ft (161-202 trees/acre), Trellised systems - 300-500 trees/acre. Pollinizers are not needed, but growers must plant several different cultivars to extend their marketing season, since peaches ripen quickly and cannot be stored for more than 1-2 weeks.
Orangered™ (PAF) Bhart cv. Standard or Semi-Dwarf
Early June
~Most popular Apricot in France~
Sweet, aromatic, firm apricot with exceptional flavor. Flesh is deep orange with red blush on the skin. Hangs well on the tree. No apricot planting should be without this variety! Use Robada as the pollinizer.
Robada (USPP #9890) Standard or Semi-Dwarf
Early June
~Aromatic choice~
Highly colored fruit, freestone, aromatic and sweet at harvest maturity. Deep orange coloration with a strong red blush on sun-exposed surfaces. Vigorous and upright growth. Self-fertile.
Royal (Blenheim) Standard or Semi-Dwarf
Mid June
~All purpose apricot~
Fruit is medium and firm with a sweet flavor and a golden-orange flesh. Use Robada or Orangered as the pollenizer.
ORANGERED, ™ BHART cv./(PAF) CITATION SD $24.49
ORANGERED, ™ BHART cv./(PAF) LOVELL $19.49
ROBADA USPP#9890 CITATION SD $24.49
ROBADA USPP #9890 LOVELL $19.49
ROYAL (BLENEIM) CITATION SD $24.49
ROYAL (BLENEIM) LOVELL $19.49
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4176/is_20030611/ai_n14549278
Early June
~Most popular Apricot in France~
Sweet, aromatic, firm apricot with exceptional flavor. Flesh is deep orange with red blush on the skin. Hangs well on the tree. No apricot planting should be without this variety! Use Robada as the pollinizer.
Robada (USPP #9890) Standard or Semi-Dwarf
Early June
~Aromatic choice~
Highly colored fruit, freestone, aromatic and sweet at harvest maturity. Deep orange coloration with a strong red blush on sun-exposed surfaces. Vigorous and upright growth. Self-fertile.
Royal (Blenheim) Standard or Semi-Dwarf
Mid June
~All purpose apricot~
Fruit is medium and firm with a sweet flavor and a golden-orange flesh. Use Robada or Orangered as the pollenizer.
ORANGERED, ™ BHART cv./(PAF) CITATION SD $24.49
ORANGERED, ™ BHART cv./(PAF) LOVELL $19.49
ROBADA USPP#9890 CITATION SD $24.49
ROBADA USPP #9890 LOVELL $19.49
ROYAL (BLENEIM) CITATION SD $24.49
ROYAL (BLENEIM) LOVELL $19.49
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qn4176/is_20030611/ai_n14549278
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